Japanese Basic Particles
ใฏ / ใ / ใ / ใง / ใธ / ใซ / ใจ / ใ
■ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅฉ่ฉใฏ ใใใใ ใใใ、ไฝฟใๅใใ ใใชใใใฐใใใชใใ、่ฆใใใฎใฏ ๅคงๅคใงใ。
ใซใปใใ ใฎ ใใใใฏ ใใใใ ใใใ、ใคใใใใใ ใใชใใใฐใใใชใใ、ใใผใใใฎ ใฏ ใใใธใใงใ。
There are many particles in Japanese grammars and also we need to use properly, so that it's tough to learn.
■ ใใใงใฏ、ๅบๆฌ็ใช ๆฅๆฌ่ชๅฉ่ฉใ ็ดนไปใใพใ。
ใใใงใฏ、ใใปใใฆใใช ใซใปใใ ใใใใ ใใใใใใใพใ。
I'll introduce the basic Japanese particles here.
【Particles and Function】
■ ใ 【Subject】
ใใชใใใ ใ ใใพใ。
Mr/Mrs. Tanaka will come.
「ใใชใใใ」is the subject of this sentence. It indicates that 「ใใชใใใ」will come and not other person.
More examples...
Q：ใ ใ ใ ใใพใใ？
A：ใใชใใใ ใ ใใพใ。
Q：ใชใซ ใ ใใใใใใงใใ？
A：SFใฎใปใ ใ ใใใใใใงใ。
＊ใ applied for the Phenomenon/Nature
ใใ ใ ใตใ it will rain
ใใจ ใ ใใใใ sound is loud
■ ใฏ 【Topic】
ใใใใ ใฏ ใคใพ ใ ใใฆใใ ใใฆใ。
About a trip, my wife will make a plan/organise.
「ใใใใ trip」is topic of this sentence and also it's still the topic of the conversation until it shifts to other things. For example, the sentence ใงใ、ใใใใ ใใใซใ ใใใใใใใ ใใใใใ。（ But I will book a hotel and airplain tickets）can be followed.New subject of「ใใใ」is marked with ใ. The topic is still「ใใใใ」.
ใใใใ ใฏ ใคใพ ใ ใใฆใใ ใใฆใ。
ใงใ、ใใใใ ใใใซใ ใใใใใใใ ใใใใใ。
■ ใ 【Object for a verb】
eat sushi
「ใใ」is the direct object of the verb 「ใในใ」. In Japanese, with ใ, we can add an object to the verb. this sentence.
・ใซใปใใ ใ ในใใใใใใ study Japanese
・ใใณใฌ ใ ใใ read mangas
・CD ใ ใใ listen to a CD
■ ใง 【Place of action】
ใฌในใใฉใณ ใง ใใ ใ ใในใ
eat sushi at the restaurant
We can add the place where the action takes place with ใง. In the sentence above, the action ใใใ ใในใ is taken place ใฌในใใฉใณ.
More examples...
・ใ ใใใ ใง ใซใปใใ ใ ในใใใใใใ study Japanese at the university
・ใใก ใง ใใณใฌ ใ ใใ read mangas at home
・ใธใ ใง CD ใ ใใ listen to a CD in my room
■ ใธ/ใซ 【direction/destination】
ใใใใฏ ใขใกใชใซ ใธ ใใ。
I will go to US.
ใใใฏ ใใก ใซ ใใใ。
He will return home.
ใจใใ ใก ใธ ใฆใใฟใ ใใ
to write a letter to a friend
To discribe the direction or destination, we use ใธ or ใซ with the movement verbs, like ใใ（to go）, ใใ（to come）, ใใใ（to return) , etc.
■ ใซ ①direction/destination
②time and date
③objective/purpose
①direction/destination
ใใใฏ ใใก ใซ ใใใ。
He will return home.
ใฏใฏ ใซ ใกใใปใผใธใ ใใใ
to send a message to my mother
Like ใธ, ใซ indicate the direction or destination.
②time and date
7ใ ใซ ใใกใซ ใใใ
to return home at 7：00
5ใใค15ใซใก ใซใขใกใชใซใซ ใใ
to go to US on 15th of May.
③objective/purpose
ใใใใฎ ใซ ใใ
ใใชใใใ ใจ ใใใ ใใ ใฏ ใใใใใงใ。
to go shopping
ใซใปใใซ ใซใปใใ ใฎ ในใใใใ ใซ ใใ
came to Japan for Japanese study
■ ใจ ① And
② With
① And
Mr/Mrs Tanaka and Mr/Mrs Yoshida are students.
ใใ ใจ ใฆใใทใ ใ ใในใ
to eat sushi and tempura
② With
1）ใใใใฏ ใใฃใใ ใซ ใใ。
I will go to school.
When we add 「with Mr/Mrs Tanaka」to the sentence 1）, we say ใใชใใใ ใจ。
2）ใใใใฏ ใใชใใใ ใจ ใใฃใใ ใซ ใใ。
I will go to school with Mr/Mrs Tanaka.
■ ใ 【also/too】
Particle ใ means 「also/too」. Here is a rule for how to use ใ。
・ใฏ / ใ → ใ
・ ใ → ใ
・ ใง → ใงใ
・ใซ / ใธ → ใซใ / ใธใ ＊＊＊ ใฏ / ใ → ใ ＊＊＊
ใใชใใใ ใฏ ใใใใใงใ。
Mr/Mrs Tanaka is student.
ใใใ ใใ ใ ใใใใใงใ。
Mr/Mrs Yoshida is student, too. ＊＊＊ ใ → ใ ＊＊＊
ใใใ ใฏ ใใ ใ ใในใ。
I will eat sushi.
ใใใ ใฏ ใใใจใ ใ ใในใ。
I will eat yakitori, too.
＊＊＊ ใง → ใงใ ＊＊＊
ใใใ ใฏ ใใฉใณใน ใง ในใใใใใใ。
I studied in France.
ใใใ ใฏ ในใใคใณ ใงใ ในใใใใใใ。
I studied in Spain, too.
＊＊＊ ใซ / ใธ → ใซใ / ใธใ ＊＊＊
ใใฎใใ ใฏ ใใใใจ ใธ ใใ。
She will go to Kyoto.
ใใฎใใ ใฏ ใใใใ ใธใ ใใ。
She will go to Osaka, too.
✅ Now you are ready to practice？
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Please visit my Youtube Channel ♪
There are many practices ๐
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Please visit my another site♬
▷BLOG ：Japanese Quiz for Studying Japanese
＊ไปใฎใตใคใใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชๅญฆ็ฟใตใคใใๆใฃใฆใใพใ。ใใฎใตใคใใงใฏ、ใใญใฐ้จๅใ ใ่ผใใฆใใพใ。
＊I actually have another Japanese studying internet site. This blog is abstracted only the parts of blogs from that site.
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